Prime Minister Andy Burnham has scrapped controversial plans to curb some jury trials.
Sir Keir Starmer's government had introduced proposals to allow judges to make the sole decision on cases that would lead to a sentence of less than three years.
The Ministry of Justice (MoJ) said only complex fraud and financial offences would be judge-alone – and it proposes that thousands of medium-level crimes should stay with volunteer magistrates, who sit without a jury.
Justice Secretary Alex Norris said he had changed course came after hearing the "strength of feeling". Criminal lawyers have welcomed the decision and the Conservatives say it is a "major victory" for those who fought to defend trial by jury.
Former Justice Secretary David Lammy first announced the plans in December following a recommendation in a major review of the court system in England and Wales.
The series of radical reforms, including scaling back jury trials, were presented as the best way of turning around record backlogs which, in turn, were exacerbating the prison population crisis.
The backlog – which has led to record delays for defendants and victims – currently stands at nearly 81,000 cases – having rocketed largely thanks to cuts before the pandemic and court closures during the national lockdowns. Official projections have estimated it could reach 100,000 before the next general election and, in a worst case scenario, climb to double that number by 2035.
There are, however, indications the backlog is now stabilising after the government committed unlimited funding to pay for more judges to sit in courts that were otherwise being unused.
Under the original plans, Lammy had wanted to reserve jury trials for the most serious "indictable" offences – meaning cases that are always sent to Crown Court, including murder and rape.
Less serious offences, where the sentence would be no more than three years, would be decided without a jury in the Crown Court by a judge alone. Even less serious offences would stay in magistrates' courts, abolishing defendants' right to ask for a trial by jury when they feel that is their best chance of beig cleared.
The proposals triggered an outcry across many parts of the criminal justice world, with many opponents saying that eroding the 800-year-old right to trial by jury would not solve the backlogs.
Norris said that he remained committed to bringing down the backlog and delivering swifter justice.
But he added: "I have heard the strength of feeling on the proposals for increasing the number of judge-alone trials in the Crown Court and have made the decision to change course.
"This allows us to start that work far earlier, ensuring that under this government we do not have victims waiting endlessly for justice.
"Justice delayed is justice denied, and I am committed to maximising efficiencies in our system alongside record investment. I remain committed to structural reform which is crucial if we are to bring down the backlog."
Andrew Thomas KC – chairman of the Criminal Bar Association, which represents barristers who work in crown and magistrates courts – said the profession was "delighted".
"Justice needs juries," he said. "Nothing inspires more public trust than 12 ordinary citizens from all walks of life deciding the facts of a case together.
"We are also pleased that the government is going ahead with important changes in the bill to protect victims and witnesses at trial. These include new powers to prevent unfair questioning about a complainant's behaviour and to support witnesses to give their best evidence."
But Thomas warned that plans to keep more middle-ranking cases before magistrates by abolishing defendants' rights to ask for a jury trial could backfire – not least because of a shortage of magistrates.
"The proposal to strip defendants of their right to elect a crown court trial, combined with doubling magistrates' sentencing powers to two years, would shift 25,000 cases a year – including 5,500 jury trials – out of the crown court," he said.
"These are not minor offences. It includes serious and sensitive cases including assaults, sexual assaults, child abuse and grievous bodily harm. Our volunteer magistrates do an excellent job but they are completely unequipped to try complex, multi-day trials.
"It would be a car crash if they tried to do it, especially at this time."
Barrister Karl Turner, a Labour MP who was suspended from the parliamentary party after he criticised the government's plans to reform jury trials, thanked Burnham "for his support during my campaign".
Shadow justice secretary Nick Timothy said: "This is a major victory for everyone who fought to defend trial by jury, and Conservatives led that fight from day one. Labour have been forced to abandon its central attack on jury trials in the Crown Court."
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